The Palaeoanthropological collection was established in 2001, as a research facility of the Department of Archaeology, for the purpose of collection, curation and study of human skeletal remains from prehistoric, antique and medieval periods. There are approximately 700 skeletons from various periods. The most important part of the collection is the Danube Gorges anthropological assemblage, which consists of c. 500 skeletons from the Mesolithic and Neolithic (c. 9500-5500 BC). The skeletons originate from sites which are very important for understanding of European prehistory (for example Lepenski Vir), and significant for the study of processes of Neolithisation in this part of Europe.

Consists of skulls, mandibles, antler, horns, teeth and bones of vertebrates from archaeological sites in Serbia, and a few recent specimens. It is organised by skeletal parts, and is constantly supplemented with specimens from archaeological material that is currently studied.

The Head of the Archaeozoological reference collection is Vesna Dimitrijević, Professor.